Mapping properties of the Elements - Colors
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Mapping properties of the Elements - Colors
AtomicNumber | AtomicSymbol | Element | Crystal structure | Color |
1 | H | hydrogen | hexagonal | colorless |
2 | He | helium | hexagonal | colorless |
3 | Li | lithium | cubic: body centered | silvery |
4 | Be | beryllium | hexagonal | steel gray |
5 | B | boron | rhombohedral | black |
6 | C | carbon | hexagonal | black |
7 | N | nitrogen | hexagonal | colorless |
8 | O | oxygen | cubic | colorless |
9 | F | fluorine | cubic | colorless |
10 | Ne | neon | cubic: face centered | colorless |
11 | Na | sodium | cubic: body centered | silvery |
12 | Mg | magnesium | hexagonal | silvery |
13 | Al | aluminium | cubic: face centered | silvery |
14 | Si | silicon | cubic: face centered | gray-black |
15 | P | phosphorus | monoclinic | white-yellow |
16 | S | sulfur | orthorhombic | yellow(pale) |
17 | Cl | chlorine | orthorhombic | greenish-yellow |
18 | Ar | argon | cubic: face centered | colorless |
19 | K | potassium | cubic: body centered | silvery-white |
20 | Ca | calcium | cubic: face centered | silvery-white |
21 | Sc | scandium | hexagonal | silvery-white |
22 | Ti | titanium | hexagonal | gray |
23 | V | vanadium | cubic: body centered | bright white |
24 | Cr | chromium | cubic: body centered | silvery-white |
How photons/charge field hit these structures and recycle the input energy into various color properties is a big question? In other words, why is copper orange-red, sulfur yellow, chlorine greenish and carbon black?
Re: Mapping properties of the Elements - Colors
Electro-negativity | Element | Symbol | Atomic number |
2.2 | Hydrogen | H | 1 |
Helium | He | 2 | |
0.98 | Lithium | Li | 3 |
1.57 | Beryllium | Be | 4 |
2.04 | Boron | B | 5 |
2.55 | Carbon | C | 6 |
3.04 | Nitrogen | N | 7 |
3.44 | Oxygen | O | 8 |
3.98 | Fluorine | F | 9 |
Neon | Ne | 10 | |
0.93 | Sodium | Na | 11 |
1.31 | Magnesium | Mg | 12 |
1.61 | Aluminum | Al | 13 |
1.9 | Silicon | Si | 14 |
2.19 | Phosphorus | P | 15 |
2.58 | Sulfur | S | 16 |
3.16 | Chlorine | Cl | 17 |
Argon | Ar | 18 | |
0.82 | Potassium | K | 19 |
1 | Potassium | K | 19 |
1.36 | Calcium | Ca | 20 |
1.54 | Scandium | Sc | 21 |
1.63 | Titanium | Ti | 22 |
1.66 | Vanadium | V | 23 |
1.55 | Chromium | Cr | 24 |
1.83 | Manganese | Mn | 25 |
1.88 | Iron | Fe | 26 |
1.91 | Cobalt | Co | 27 |
1.9 | Nickel | Ni | 28 |
1.65 | Copper | Cu | 29 |
1.81 | Zinc | Zn | 30 |
2.01 | Gallium | Ga | 31 |
2.18 | Arsenic | As | 33 |
2.55 | Selenium | Se | 34 |
2.96 | Krypton | Kr | 36 |
Re: Mapping properties of the Elements - Colors
Rubidium | Rb | 37 | |
0.82 | Strontium | Sr | 38 |
0.95 | Yttrium | Y | 39 |
1.22 | Zirconium | Zr | 40 |
1.33 | Niobium | Nb | 41 |
1.6 | Molybdenum | Mo | 42 |
2.16 | Technetium | Tc | 43 |
1.9 | Ruthenium | Ru | 44 |
2.2 | Rhodium | Rh | 45 |
2.28 | Palladium | Pd | 46 |
2.2 | Silver | Ag | 47 |
1.93 | Cadmium | Cd | 48 |
1.69 | Indium | In | 49 |
1.78 | Tin | Sn | 50 |
1.96 | Antimony | Sb | 51 |
2.05 | Iodine | I | 53 |
2.1 | Xenon | Xe | 54 |
2.66 | Cesium | Cs | 55 |
2.6 | Barium | Ba | 56 |
0.79 | Lanthanum | La | 57 |
0.89 | Cerium | Ce | 58 |
1.1 | Praseodymium | Pr | 59 |
1.12 | Neodymium | Nd | 60 |
1.13 | Promethium | Pm | 61 |
1.14 | Samarium | Sm | 62 |
Europium | Eu | 63 | |
1.17 | Gadolinium | Gd | 64 |
Terbium | Tb | 65 | |
1.2 | Dysprosium | Dy | 66 |
Holmium | Ho | 67 | |
1.22 | Erbium | Er | 68 |
1.23 | Thulium | Tm | 69 |
1.24 | Ytterbium | Yb | 70 |
1.25 | Lutetium | Lu | 71 |
Hafnium | Hf | 72 | |
1.27 | Tantalum | Ta | 73 |
1.3 | Tungsten | W | 74 |
1.5 | Rhenium | Re | 75 |
2.36 | Osmium | Os | 76 |
1.9 | Iridium | Ir | 77 |
Re: Mapping properties of the Elements - Colors
2.2 | Platinum | Pt | 78 |
2.2 | Gold | Au | 79 |
2.28 | Mercury | Hg | 80 |
2.54 | Thallium | Tl | 81 |
2 | Lead | Pb | 82 |
1.62 | Bismuth | Bi | 83 |
2.33 | Polonium | Po | 84 |
2.02 | Astatine | At | 85 |
2 | Radon | Rn | 86 |
2.2 | Francium | Fr | 87 |
Radium | Ra | 88 | |
0.7 | Actinium | Ac | 89 |
0.89 | Thorium | Th | 90 |
1.1 | Protactinium | Pa | 91 |
1.3 | Uranium | U | 92 |
1.5 | Neptunium | Np | 93 |
1.38 | Plutonium | Pu | 94 |
1.36 | Americium | Am | 95 |
1.28 | Curium | Cm | 96 |
1.3 | Berkelium | Bk | 97 |
1.3 | Californium | Cf | 98 |
1.3 | Einsteinium | Es | 99 |
1.3 | Fermium | Fm | 100 |
1.3 | Mendelevium | Md | 101 |
1.3 | Nobelium | No | 102 |
1.3 | Lawrencium | Lr | 103 |
1.3 | Rutherfordium | Rf | 104 |
Re: Mapping properties of the Elements - Colors
Classical background links on photon to color mapping:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomson_scattering
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compton_scattering
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronegativity
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronegativities_of_the_elements_%28data_page%29
A pretty good site for current theory -- particularly for the "eyes' frequency reception":
http://www.webexhibits.org/causesofcolor
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomson_scattering
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compton_scattering
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronegativity
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronegativities_of_the_elements_%28data_page%29
A pretty good site for current theory -- particularly for the "eyes' frequency reception":
http://www.webexhibits.org/causesofcolor
Re: Mapping properties of the Elements - Colors
Electronegativity, symbol χ, is a chemical property that describes the tendency of an atom or a functional group to attract electrons (or electron density) towards itself.[1] An atom's electronegativity is affected by both its atomic number and the distance at which its valence electrons reside from the charged nucleus. The higher the associated electronegativity number, the more an element or compound attracts electrons towards it.
Well that sounds quite physical.
Electronegativity cannot be directly measured and must be calculated from other atomic or molecular properties.
Oh, I guess not.
You have to be very, very careful around these calculated values. A measured value is real. You might have to work your way through the machines used to measure it before you know what that value means, but it is measuring reality at some level. Any calculated value relies on some form of theory. That is what the equations are, a mathematical representation of the theory. That is why Miles says the theory comes first and the math second. You can't represent what you don't know.
That doesn't mean they are useless, you just have to unwind what they actually mean and hopefully you can find the right path with the right theory.
Thanks for putting this together, Cr6. This is the kind of stuff I need to analyze the atomic models. This is the kind of data that could be used in R so that we can see some of the relationships between elements a bit easier.
Re: Mapping properties of the Elements - Colors
Just wanted to add this theory:
Young–Helmholtz theory
Thomas Young and Hermann von Helmholtz assumed that the eye's retina consists of three different kinds of light receptors for red, green and blue
The Young–Helmholtz theory (based on the work of Thomas Young and Hermann von Helmholtz in the 19th century), also known as the trichromatic theory, is a theory of trichromatic color vision – the manner in which the visual system gives rise to the phenomenological experience of color. In 1802, Young postulated the existence of three types of photoreceptors (now known as cone cells) in the eye, with different but overlapping response to different wavelengths of visible light.[1]
Hermann von Helmholtz developed the theory further in 1850:[2] that the three types of cone photoreceptors could be classified as short-preferring (violet), middle-preferring (green), and long-preferring (red), according to their response to the wavelengths of light striking the retina. The relative strengths of the signals detected by the three types of cones are interpreted by the brain as a visible color.
For instance, yellow light uses different proportions of red and green, but little blue, so any hue depends on a mix of all three cones, for example, a strong red-sensitive, medium green-sensitive, and low blue-sensitive. Moreover, the intensity of colors can be changed without changing their hues, since intensity depends on the frequency of discharge to the brain, as a blue-green can be brightened but retain the same hue. The system is not perfect, as it does not distinguish yellow from a red-green mixture, but can powerfully detect subtle environmental changes. In 1857, James Clerk Maxwell used the recently developed linear algebra to offer a mathematical proof of the Young–Helmholtz theory.[3]
https://www.webexhibits.org/causesofcolor/mind.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young%E2%80%93Helmholtz_theory
Maxwell:
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/earth-and-environmental-science-transactions-of-royal-society-of-edinburgh/article/abs/xviiiexperiments-on-colour-as-perceived-by-the-eye-with-remarks-on-colourblindness/5E589C9929D114B96CB9325E8FF0CAB3
https://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/molkkone/files/OlkkonenEkroll.pdf
Young–Helmholtz theory
Thomas Young and Hermann von Helmholtz assumed that the eye's retina consists of three different kinds of light receptors for red, green and blue
The Young–Helmholtz theory (based on the work of Thomas Young and Hermann von Helmholtz in the 19th century), also known as the trichromatic theory, is a theory of trichromatic color vision – the manner in which the visual system gives rise to the phenomenological experience of color. In 1802, Young postulated the existence of three types of photoreceptors (now known as cone cells) in the eye, with different but overlapping response to different wavelengths of visible light.[1]
Hermann von Helmholtz developed the theory further in 1850:[2] that the three types of cone photoreceptors could be classified as short-preferring (violet), middle-preferring (green), and long-preferring (red), according to their response to the wavelengths of light striking the retina. The relative strengths of the signals detected by the three types of cones are interpreted by the brain as a visible color.
For instance, yellow light uses different proportions of red and green, but little blue, so any hue depends on a mix of all three cones, for example, a strong red-sensitive, medium green-sensitive, and low blue-sensitive. Moreover, the intensity of colors can be changed without changing their hues, since intensity depends on the frequency of discharge to the brain, as a blue-green can be brightened but retain the same hue. The system is not perfect, as it does not distinguish yellow from a red-green mixture, but can powerfully detect subtle environmental changes. In 1857, James Clerk Maxwell used the recently developed linear algebra to offer a mathematical proof of the Young–Helmholtz theory.[3]
https://www.webexhibits.org/causesofcolor/mind.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young%E2%80%93Helmholtz_theory
Maxwell:
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/earth-and-environmental-science-transactions-of-royal-society-of-edinburgh/article/abs/xviiiexperiments-on-colour-as-perceived-by-the-eye-with-remarks-on-colourblindness/5E589C9929D114B96CB9325E8FF0CAB3
https://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/molkkone/files/OlkkonenEkroll.pdf
Chromium6- Posts : 712
Join date : 2019-11-29
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