More Proof of my Charge Field from Sound

Miles Mathis' recent paper on Sound:
3/12/19, More Proof of my Charge Field from Sound
Real photons, not phonons, explain this one.

http://milesmathis.com/sound.pdf

The key article:
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/sound-by-the-pound-surprising-discovery-hints-sonic-waves-carry-mass/
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(Looks like journals were trying to run with this for the last two years or so:
https://phys.org/news/2018-08-phonons-mass-negative-gravity.html

Abstract
We show that the commonly accepted statement that sound waves do not transport mass is only true at linear order. Using effective field theory techniques, we confirm the result found in [Phys. Rev. B97, 134516 (2018), 1705.08914] for zero-temperature superfluids, and extend it to the case of solids and ordinary fluids. We show that, in fact, sound waves do carry mass—-in particular, gravitational mass. This implies that a sound wave not only is affected by gravity but also generates a tiny gravitational field. Our findings are valid for non-relativistic media as well, and could have intriguing experimental implications.

Read more at: https://phys.org/news/2018-08-phonons-mass-negative-gravity.html#jCp


Unusual sound waves discovered in quantum liquids  
July 20, 2018 by Lisa Zyga, Phys.org feature


Ordinary sound waves—small oscillations of density—can propagate through all fluids, causing the molecules in the fluid to compress at regular intervals. Now physicists have theoretically shown that in one-dimensional quantum fluids not one, but two types of sound waves can propagate. Both types of waves move at approximately the same speed, but are combinations of density waves and temperature waves.

The physicists, Konstantin Matveev at Argonne National Laboratory and Anton Andreev at the University of Washington, Seattle, have published a paper on the hybrid sound waves in quantum liquids in a recent issue of Physical Review Letters.

"One-dimensional liquids have fascinating quantum properties that have been studied by physicists for decades," Matveev told Phys.org. "Quite surprisingly, we have been able to show that even such an essentially classical phenomenon as sound is also very unusual in these liquids. Our work implies that even the simplest classical properties of a fluid can be strongly affected by its quantum nature." (took awhile...)


Read more at: https://phys.org/news/2018-07-unusual-quantum-liquids.html#jCp.

Ultimately it may be related to "weaponization" of sound waves. Some "barrier" apparently wasn't working a few years ago:
https://www.theverge.com/2017/9/16/16316048/sonic-weapon-cuba-us-canadian-diplomats-ultrasound-infrasound-science
https://www.hartford.edu/success-stories/current/2017/april/ceta-tissue-lab.aspx
Date 04/26/2017 Engineering Students Research the Use of Sound Waves to Stimulate Bone Growth

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This looks like the current push:

Sound may be carried by tiny particles with negative gravity
Important Update

Conventional wisdom in physics dictates that sound waves are massless fluctuations in pressure that travel through materials like air, water, and eardrums - and can't travel through empty space.

That's why the recent discovery that sound waves actually do carry a trace amount of mass is so shocking - it's been right under scientists' noses for centuries. Even more surprising, according to Scientific American's reporting on the finding, is that sonic waves seem to carry negative mass: they appear to slowly drift upwards rather than falling down to Earth.
Tiny Helpers

New research, recently published in the journal Physical Review Letters, found that sound waves carry trace amounts of mass in the form of tiny, particle-like "phonons".

Previous research by one of the same scientists first found this negative gravity phenomenon, but only when the sound was traveling through specific materials called superfluids, through which waves can flow with zero resistance. But in this new study, physicists calculated that sound waves can also carry mass through more conventional liquids, as well as solids and gases.
https://www.iclug.org/technology/sound-carried-tiny-particles-negative-gravity-06444462

https://www.livescience.com/63305-sound-waves-negative-gravity-mass.html

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Graphene speaker creates sound through heat, not vibrations (hmm...photons per chance?)
Materials
Michael Irving

Michael Irving
May 5th, 2017
https://newatlas.com/graphene-speaker-non-vibrating/49376/

"Thermoacoustics has been overlooked because it is regarded as such an inefficient process that it has no practical applications," says David Horsell, lead author of the study. "We looked instead at the way the sound is actually produced and found that by controlling the electrical current through the graphene we could not only produce sound but could change its volume and specify how each frequency component is amplified. Such amplification and control opens up a range of real-world applications we had not envisaged."

Those applications include making ultrasound devices for medical imaging smaller, more efficient and able to return images of a higher resolution. The technique could also improve the frequency-mixing technology used for radio and phone signals.

"The sound generating mechanism allows us to take two or more different sound sources and multiply them together," says Horsell. "However, the most exciting thing is that it does this trick of multiplication in a remarkably simple and controllable way. This could have a real impact in the telecommunications industry, which needs to combine signals this way but currently uses rather complex and, therefore, costly methods to do so."

http://icgem.gfz-potsdam.de/vis3d/tutorial

Visualization of Spherical Harmonics
This is an interactive web page (based on Javascript) to visualize Spherical Harmonics.

You can directly select the indices 'l' and 'm' or start an animation.

'show all m' loops 'm' for fixed 'l' by 'm = 0,...,l'
'show all l' loops 'l' for fixed 'm' by 'l = l0,...,50'
'Rotate' rotates the Earth around the polar Axis
'Stop' stops animation
'Export' displays the image in a separate window with the option to save it into a file (right mouse click is also possible to open the dialogue).

Short Explanation
The image shows one specific surface spherical harmonic of degree 'l' and order 'm',
denoted as 'Ylm(φ,λ)' (they are solutions of ΔYlm = 0 ).
Any source-free field on the sphere can be computed with these terms as the double sum over 'l' (l = 1,..,lmax) and 'm' (m = 0,..,l)

Keep in mind this is not that orthodox:
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Floating Free: New Levitation System Uses Sound Waves
By Tia Ghose, Staff Writer | July 15, 2013 05:16pm ET

Parlor trick

For more than a century, scientists have proposed the idea of using the pressure of sound waves to make objects float in the air. As sound waves travel, they produce changes in the air pressure — squishing some air molecules together and pushing others apart.

By placing an object at a certain point within a sound wave, it's possible to perfectly counteract the force of gravity with the force exerted by the sound wave, allowing an object to float in that spot.

In previous work on levitation systems, researchers had used transducers to produce sound waves, and reflectors to reflect the waves back, thus creating standing waves.

"A standing wave is like when you pluck the string of a guitar," said study co-author Daniele Foresti, a mechanical engineer at the ETH Zürich in Switzerland. "The string is moving up and down, but there are two points where it's fixed."

Using these standing waves, scientists levitated mice and small drops of liquid.
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Floating Free: New Levitation System Uses Sound Waves
A new technique uses sound waves to levitate objects and move them in mid-air
Credit: Dimos Poulikakos

Hold on to your wand, Harry Potter: Science has outdone even your best "Leviosa!" levitation spell.

Researchers report that they have levitated objects with sound waves, and moved those objects around in midair, according to a new study.

Scientists have used sound waves to suspend objects in midair for decades, but the new method, described today (July 15) in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, goes a step further by allowing people to manipulate suspended objects without touching them.

This levitation technique could help create ultrapure chemical mixtures, without contamination, which could be useful for making stem cells or other biological materials.

Parlor trick

For more than a century, scientists have proposed the idea of using the pressure of sound waves to make objects float in the air. As sound waves travel, they produce changes in the air pressure — squishing some air molecules together and pushing others apart.

By placing an object at a certain point within a sound wave, it's possible to perfectly counteract the force of gravity with the force exerted by the sound wave, allowing an object to float in that spot.

In previous work on levitation systems, researchers had used transducers to produce sound waves, and reflectors to reflect the waves back, thus creating standing waves.

"A standing wave is like when you pluck the string of a guitar," said study co-author Daniele Foresti, a mechanical engineer at the ETH Zürich in Switzerland. "The string is moving up and down, but there are two points where it's fixed."

Using these standing waves, scientists levitated mice and small drops of liquid.

But then, the research got stuck.

Acoustic levitation seemed to be more of a parlor trick than a useful tool: It was only powerful enough to levitate relatively small objects; it couldn't levitate liquids without splitting them apart, and the objects couldn't be moved.



https://www.livescience.com/38181-soundwaves-levitate-objects.html
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Kevin Fogarty
Next Tech

By Kevin Fogarty, Computerworld | January 05, 2015 12:33 PM PT
About
Acoustic levitation: Next best thing to anti-gravity



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Three-dimensional Mid-air Acoustic Manipulation by Ultrasonic Phased Arrays
Yoichi Ochiai, Takayuki Hoshi, Jun Rekimoto
(Submitted on 14 Dec 2013)

   The essence of levitation technology is the countervailing of gravity. It is known that an ultrasound standing wave is capable of suspending small particles at its sound pressure nodes. The acoustic axis of the ultrasound beam in conventional studies was parallel to the gravitational force, and the levitated objects were manipulated along the fixed axis (i.e. one-dimensionally) by controlling the phases or frequencies of bolted Langevin-type transducers. In the present study, we considered extended acoustic manipulation whereby millimetre-sized particles were levitated and moved three-dimensionally by localised ultrasonic standing waves, which were generated by ultrasonic phased arrays. Our manipulation system has two original features. One is the direction of the ultrasound beam, which is arbitrary because the force acting toward its centre is also utilised. The other is the manipulation principle by which a localised standing wave is generated at an arbitrary position and moved three-dimensionally by opposed and ultrasonic phased arrays. We experimentally confirmed that expanded-polystyrene particles of 0.6 mm and 2 mm in diameter could be manipulated by our proposed method.

Comments: 5pages, 4figures
Subjects: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
ACM classes: H.5.2
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097590
Cite as: arXiv:1312.4006 [physics.class-ph]
  (or arXiv:1312.4006v1 [physics.class-ph] for this version)

https://arxiv.org/abs/1312.4006

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Toys:
http://www.gizmodo.co.uk/2014/08/this-anti-gravity-machine-beats-all-desk-toys-to-date/
http://www.soniclevitation.com/sonic-levitation/

"All around us!" (Negative Mass... like in Mathis' photon spins...?)

https://www.sciencealert.com/physicists-say-there-could-be-a-strange-source-of-negative-gravity-all-around-us

Physicists Say There Could Be a Strange Source of 'Negative Gravity' All Around Us
FIONA MACDONALD
13 AUG 2018

The macro world as we know it is governed by Newton's laws of motion and gravity - what goes up, must come down.

But a team of physicists from Columbia University have put forward a theoretical paper that turns this idea on its head. They say there might actually be particles with negative mass - which under gravity, move up, instead of down - and they're all around us.

According to their paper, it's not any weird subatomic particle that has these properties, but the particles of sound we hear and produce every day - phonons - that are rebelling against the force of gravity.

So far, so strange, right? After all, sound isn't even a physical object, so how can the force of gravity have any impact on it?

This paradox is at the heart of the new hypothesis - what if, the researchers say, sound waves actually did carry mass. Negative mass. And that negative mass created its own tiny negative gravitational fields that push them up instead of down.

It sounds pretty wild, but there are three things to keep in mind here.

First, and most importantly, this paper is purely theoretical - that means the researchers have simply put forward a hypothesis and performed some detailed calculations based on how we know the world words, and shown that, in theory, this could be true.

That's not to say they've found any physical evidence sound waves carry negative mass as yet, they've simply shown that if it was the case, it wouldn't break anything else in physics.

The second qualifier is that the paper has only been published on the pre-print site arXiv ahead of peer review. So we need to see some independent verification of these numbers before we get too carried away.

Now keeping those first two in mind, the third thing you need to know is that this idea isn't actually that insane.

No, really. Bear with us, because there is some logical precedent that's gone into the hypothesis.

For starters, we know that negative mass particles exist - and they do move against a force in the opposite direction than you'd expect.
...
The effect is too small to measure with existing technology, and there are also other potential explanations for this trajectory that have nothing to do with gravity.

But Nicolis' latest paper builds on the idea that the phonons were generating some type of negative gravitational field.

They propose that "the (tiny) effective gravitational mass of the phonon generates a (tiny) gravitational field. And the source of this gravitational field travels with the phonon," the team writes on arXiv.

"Thus, in a very physical sense, the phonon carries (negative) mass."
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Strangely I was reminded of this paper from De Aquino... he is "off the reservation" in terms of Miles' Charge Field... but he is worth a second look in terms of what is considered:
http://vixra.org/author/fran_de_aquino
viXra:1511.0153 replaced on 2015-12-08 11:53:06, (152 unique-IP downloads)
Control of the Gravitational Energy by means of Sonic Waves
Authors: Fran De Aquino
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
http://vixra.org/abs/1511.0153

viXra:1712.0531 replaced on 2017-12-23 17:07:23, (108 unique-IP downloads)
Searching for the Gravific Photons
Authors: Fran De Aquino
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
http://vixra.org/abs/1712.0531

Introduction
Electromagnetic waves transport energy as well as linear momentum. Then, if this momentum is absorbed by a surface, pressure is exerted on the surface. In a previous paper [1] we shown that this pressure has a negative component (opposite to the direction of propagation of the photons) due to the existence of the negative linear momentum transported by the photons. Then, it was predicted the existence of photons in which the negative component of the momentum is greater than the positive one. These photons were called gravific photons1 and is expected that they have frequencies greater than Hz10²⁸. In addition, it was shown that the limit between the spectrum of the gravific photons and the gamma ray spectrum is defined by a characteristic frequency, 2f_gHz≈10²⁸ (See Fig. 1).

Just wanted to add this by Mathis on "Phonons" which have been in the literature since the 1970s:
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http://milesmathis.com/desig.pdf

110c - Designer Electrons are really Photons

by Miles Mathis
Today's news [March 17, 2012] included a report from the National Accelerator Laboratory SLAC that “designer electrons” were being created in manufactured structures that resembled graphene. The interesting sentence is this one:

   Initially, the electrons in this structure had graphene-like properties; for example, unlike ordinary electrons, they had no mass and traveled as if they were moving at the speed of light in a vacuum. But researchers were then able to tune these electrons in ways that are difficult to do in real graphene.


According to current theory, there should be no such beast as a designer electron. This shouldn't be happening, and yet they are selling it to you as no big deal. Yes, it is sold as a big deal as a matter of high-tech, but it is not being sold as the theory-ender it is. The electron is one of the fundamental particles of QM and QED, and beyond the Relativity transforms it cannot vary. You cannot do a Relativity transform on an electron to give it no mass or a speed of c. If you take an electron to a velocity of c, it has infinite mass, not zero mass. So these people at SLAC should know this isn't initially an electron. Since it has the properties of a photon—speed c and zero mass—why are they calling it an electron here?

Because:

By writing complex patterns that mimicked changes in carbon-carbon bond lengths and strengths in graphene, the researchers were able to restore the electrons’ mass in small, selected areas.

You can't do that with photons, they think, so these must be electrons. But what is happening is that the created photons are being re-energized up to the electron level, using my spin stacking method. We are seeing in the experiment the actual making of an electron from a photon. We are seeing proof of my particle unification, which shows that the photon and electron are the same particle, one with more spins than the other.

Although this should be fairly obvious to anyone doing even a quick scan of the data, the researchers won't go there as a matter of theory. Why? One, because they don't have the theory to cover it. You can't turn a photon that is a point particle into an electron, and their photon is a point particle. Two, because to admit it would bring down QM and QED from the foundations. So they simply gloss over it. They imply that this isn't a problem by not even mentioning it. They toot the horns on the high-tech side, while hiding the theory side completely.

Found this interesting:
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DIRECT MODELING OF THE GRAVITATIONAL FIELD USING HARMONIC SERIES
https://www.irsm.cas.cz/materialy/acta_content/2010_01/5_Novak.pdf
The Earth’s Gravitational field
http://www-gpsg.mit.edu/12.201_12.501/BOOK/chapter2.pdf


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(Does this apply to the spin of photons? Like dynamic "Mass" change at any point before/after a collision? At every moment a photon from earth is hitting a molecule on the surface...sorry just basic thoughts late at night...--Cr6)

Ceophys. J. Int. (1991) 107, 77-82
Spherical harmonic representation of the gravitational potential of discrete spherical mass elements

Stephen T. Sutton,* Henry N. Pollack and Michael J. Jackson? Department of Geological Sciences,  The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA

Accepted 1991 April 29. Received 1991 April 29; in original form 1990 August 28

SUMMARY:
We present expressions in a spherical harmonic framework for the gravitational potential of discrete point, surface, and volume mass elements located at any depth within a sphere. Through analysis of the spherical harmonic spectrum, insight is gained into the properties of the potentials arising from a variety of mass distributions. A point mass at the surface of a sphere displays the richest harmonic spectrum in all degrees; spectra become increasingly reddened as the source mass is distributed through larger elements of area or volume, or is located at greater depths below the surface of the reference sphere. The spectra of dipolar distributions, useful in  representing compensated masses, are depressed, especially in the low harmonic degrees,  relative to the spectra of monopole elements.

https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/73812/j.1365-246X.1991.tb01157.x.pdf?sequence=1
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Spherical Harmonic Gravity Model


https://www.mathworks.com/help/aeroblks/sphericalharmonicgravitymodel.html

Implement spherical harmonic representation of planetary gravity

Environment/Gravity

Description

The Spherical Harmonic Gravity Model block implements the mathematical representation of spherical harmonic planetary gravity based on planetary gravitational potential. It provides a convenient way to describe a planet gravitational field outside of its surface in spherical harmonic expansion.

You can use spherical harmonics to modify the magnitude and direction of spherical gravity (-GM/r2). The most significant or largest spherical harmonic term is the second degree zonal harmonic, J2, which accounts for oblateness of a planet.

Use this block if you want more accurate gravity values than spherical gravity models. For example, nonatmospheric flight applications might require higher accuracy.
Parameters
..snip.... table at link...

References

[1] Gottlieb, R. G., “Fast Gravity, Gravity Partials, Normalized Gravity, Gravity Gradient Torque and Magnetic Field: Derivation, Code and Data,” Technical Report NASA Contractor Report 188243, NASA Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, February 1993.

[2] Vallado, D. A., Fundamentals of Astrodynamics and Applications, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1997.

[3] “NIMA TR8350.2: Department of Defense World Geodetic System 1984, Its Definition and Relationship with Local Geodetic Systems”.

[4] Konopliv, A. S., S. W. Asmar, E. Carranza, W. L. Sjogen, D. N. Yuan., “Recent Gravity Models as a Result of the Lunar Prospector Mission, Icarus”, Vol. 150, no. 1, pp 1–18, 2001.

[5] Lemoine, F. G., D. E. Smith, D.D. Rowlands, M.T. Zuber, G. A. Neumann, and D. S. Chinn, “An improved solution of the gravity field of Mars (GMM-2B) from Mars Global Surveyor”, Journal Of Geophysical Research, Vol. 106, No. E10, pp 23359-23376, October 25, 2001.

[6] Kenyon S., J. Factor, N. Pavlis, and S. Holmes, “Towards the Next Earth Gravitational Model”, Society of Exploration Geophysicists 77th Annual Meeting, San Antonio, Texas, September 23–28, 2007.

[7] Pavlis, N.K., S.A. Holmes, S.C. Kenyon, and J.K. Factor, “An Earth Gravitational Model to Degree 2160: EGM2008”, presented at the 2008 General Assembly of the European Geosciences Union, Vienna, Austria, April 13–18, 2008.

[8] Grueber, T., and A. Köhl, “Validation of the EGM2008 Gravity Field with GPS-Leveling and Oceanographic Analyses”, presented at the IAG International Symposium on Gravity, Geoid & Earth Observation 2008, Chania, Greece, June 23–27, 2008.

[9] Förste, C., Flechtner, F., Schmidt, R., König, R., Meyer, U., Stubenvoll, R., Rothacher, M., Barthelmes, F., Neumayer, H., Biancale, R., Bruinsma, S., Lemoine, J.M., Loyer, S., “A Mean Global Gravity Field Model From the Combination of Satellite Mission and Altimetry/Gravmetry Surface Data - EIGEN-GL04C”, Geophysical Research Abstracts, Vol. 8, 03462, 2006.

[10] Hill, K. A. (2007). Autonomous Navigation in Libration Point Orbits. Doctoral dissertation, University of Colorado, Boulder.

[11] Colombo, Oscar L., “Numerical Methods for Harmonic Analysis on the Sphere”, Reports of the department of Geodetic Science, Report No. 310, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH., March 1981.

[12] Colombo, Oscar L., “The Global Mapping of Gravity with Two Satellites", Nederlands Geodetic Commission, vol. 7 No. 3, Delft, The Nederlands, 1984., Reports of the department of Geodetic Science, Report No. 310, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH., March 1981.

[13] Jones, Brandon A. (2010). Efficient Models for the Evaluation and Estimation of the Gravity Field. Doctoral dissertation, University of Colorado, Boulder.
Introduced in R2010a
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Global Gravity Field Models
We kindly ask the authors of the models to check the links to the original websites of the models from time to time.
Please let us know if something has changed.

The table can be interactively re-sorted by clicking on the column header fields (Nr, Model, Year, Degree, Data, Reference).
In the data column, the datasets used in the development of the models are summarized, where S is for satellite (e.g., GRACE, GOCE, LAGEOS), A is for altimetry, and G for ground data (e.g., terrestrial, shipborne and airborne measurements).

The links calculate and show in the last columns of the table directly invoke the Calculation Service and Visualization page for the selected model.
For models with a registered doi ("digital object identifier") the last column contains the symbol , which directly opens the page on "http://dx.doi.org/".
If you click on the reference, the complete list of references can be seen.

http://icgem.gfz-potsdam.de/tom_longtime